When Akhila asked me to write about a social cause I was passionate about I was eager to join in. I consider myself a philanthropist, but I often spread myself thin. I carry the weight of the world on my shoulders and am sometimes (too) empathetic to the point where it hurts every piece of my body.

I digress: I’m an animal rights activist and long-time horseback rider, so I’ve volunteered with Colorado Horse Rescue, United States Pony Club and with sea turtles in a science program in Costa Rica. I’ve volunteered at local soup kitchens, donated to cancer research, spent time weekly with children in an after-school program for African resettlement refugees, volunteer with Ladies Who Launch to help women entrepreneurs launch their business idea and worked at a non-profit for environmental studies and local sustainability.

Alas, when I try to focus my efforts and dive deep to find a beating pulse of my passion for social change it reverts to women and the lack of opportunity and inequality they’re faced with worldwide.

I see a large part of the solution toward empowering women through microfinance and socially responsible business.

The empowerment and combination of entrepreneurship is a piece of why it inspires me so much. Although I continually give time and effort toward a cause, I like the “teach them how to fish,” analogy and microfinance does just that.

What is Microfinance?

Microfinance is the “extension of very small loans to those in poverty designed to spur entrepreneurship.”

Non-Government organizations (NGOs), community-based development institutions, credit unions, commercial/state banks and microfinance institutions offer possibilities for financial services to the poor.

Bangladeshi banker and Grameen Bank founder and recent Nobel Peace Prize recipient, Muhammad Yunus is largely known as the pioneer of microfinance.

Poverty’s Greatest Victim: Women

Recently, at Clinton Global Initiative, Bill Clinton pronounced: “Women do 66% of world’s work, produce 50% of world’s food, earn 10% of world’s income & own 1% of the world’s property.”

More than 2/3 of the world’s unpaid work is done by women-the equivalent of $11 trillion or almost 50% of the world GDP, according to a global UNFP study.

Half the world’s population lives on less than $2 a day. 1.8 billion of these people live on less than $1 a day…70% of them are women. Around the world, 340 million women are not expected to live to the age of 40.

Microfinance As A Solution

Comprehensive impact studies have demonstrated that:

  • Microfinance helps very poor households meet basic needs and protect against risks;
  • The use of financial services by low-income households is associated with improvements in household economic welfare and enterprise stability or growth;
  • By supporting women’s economic participation, microfinance helps to empower women, thus promoting gender-equity and improving household well-being;
  • For almost all significant impacts, the magnitude of impact is positively related to the length of time that clients have been in the programe.” (UNCDF Microfinance)

My friend Ali worked at Pro Mujer (“for women,” in Spanish) for over two years at a Financial Analyst for the microfinance, Spanish nonprofit that supported women in Latin-America. I’ve written about microfinance a few times before on my blog, maybe now you can see why. Their historical loan repayment rate in 18 years was 99%. Women want to succeed and create a better life for the family; they just needed access to credit and a lending hand; someone to invest in their dreams.

Ali told me a story about Angela Narváez. She is pottery maker and a client with Pro Mujer Nicaragua. Angela’s first loan was $80. Today, almost nine years later, her loan is $670. Angela uses her loans to buy clay, pieces of wood, paint and cement and to travel to larger markets where she can get a better price for her pieces. Angela said her family has also benefited. Her daughters attend school, everyone is eating better, and they bought furniture and appliances that have raised their quality of life.

So my “teach them to fish” theory comes to rest. I like to think about paying it forward, but in this case, you’re investing in the future, that will benefit beyond the ‘one-time donation.’ It’s like you’re a social venture capitalist, helping women with their own startup, worldwide.

Action

If you’re interested in learning more or even donating a loan for a specific woman in a specific country here are some great organizations (I’ve donated with) to get started: Pro Mujer, Kiva, and The International Alliance For Women.

“Poverty is not created by the poor. It is created by the structures of society and the policies pursued by society. Change the structure as we are doing in Bangladesh, and you will see that the poor change their own lives. Grameen’s experience demonstrates that, given the support of financial capital, however small, the poor are fully capable of improving their lives.”- Banker to the Poor - Muhammad Yunus, Grameen Bank, Founder

The Changemaker

Grace Boyle is a 20-something adventurista. She lives in Boulder, CO and does Business Development for startup called Lijit. She blogs at Small Hands, Big Ideas where she writes about the startup world, technology and daily inspirations. She loves to travel, meet new people, laugh and she aspires to be an entrepreneur.

Connect with her over at her blog, Small Hands, Big Ideas, or on her Twitter at @Gracekboyle!

Learn more about the ethics of today’s economy by studying microfinance and business development at Axia College.

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  • Roz
    Hi Grace,
    This has been an awesome post on women and microfinance -- thank you for writing it! In the past year or so I've become quite interested in the power of microfinance, and recently I've been talking to a few friends and family about different ways of improving microfinance. I've actually written a blog entry about an idea of an "online platform" for individuals who have received (and paid off) their loans. I would love feedback from anyone in this conversation about it: http://pointlessly.org/2009/09/a-craigslist-for-microfinanced-businesses/
  • Leslie_Forman
    This is a great topic and a great discussion, and I have a few things to add from my experiences in microfinance in Chile and China.

    I think that personal ties are crucial to the success of microfinance. This includes ties between borrowers, between borrowers and loan officers, between lenders and borrowers, and between microfinance institutions operating in different areas.

    When I was in college, I interned with a non-profit called Accion Emprendedora (AE), that supports small businesses in poor neighborhoods in Chile. Their model includes classes in accounting, marketing, strategy and other business topics taught by professionals that volunteer, as well as personalized tutoring with business students. I interviewed some incredible entrepreneurs, such as a woman named Monica who had started a wooden toy business with her husband, a carpenter. She was so grateful for the education and personal attention that AE had given her. I remember her saying that it was impossible to put a price on the lessons she had learned, and that she was able to provide for her three children in a way that satisfied her creative urges and fit with her educational philosophy.

    The Internet helps these personal ties cross international borders. Here in China, I worked for an organization called Wokai, that enables people all over the world to contribute to microfinance loans for entrepreneurs in rural China. Wokai partners with microfinance organizations in Inner Mongolia and Sichuan Province. The personal ties between the borrowers in Inner Mongolia ensure that everyone repays their loan, at a twice-monthly group meeting. In Sichuan, the loan officers travel to borrowers' homes to collect repayments. Social collateral is the technical term for this pragmatic form of peer pressure.

    This comment is really long, so I'll stop here. Thanks Grace and Akhila for spreading the word about the change-making power of microfinance!
  • Leslie,

    Thanks for the incredible stories. Speaking from my own experience in Botswana, I know how powerful it is for the women and children to have people believe in them and tell them as long as they're willing to try hard, they can achieve their goals. It's really great to know that AE isn't just lending money but have a system in place to support all the other needs .

    One question just came to my mind. I am a big fan of organizations such as Kiva and Wokai, allowing anybody to lend a small loan to people across borders. But is there more we can do? For example, I live in Canada, other than lending money, or telling others to also lend money, what else? Maybe this is a conversation we can take offline.
  • Leslie_Forman
    Hi Ruby,

    Your question about what people can do to directly support microfinance from places like Canada is definitely a good one. Wokai has volunteer chapters in San Francisco, Seattle, New York, and Beijing, that allow people to get involved in a more hands-on way, and sometimes this can include volunteering professional skills like web design, legal work, accounting and translation. Kiva also has a network of volunteer translators, and I think that obscure languages like those of Eastern Europe are the most in-demand.

    I know that both of these organizations are overwhelmed with people wanting to get involved in a hands-on way, which I think is a testament to the level of interest in the field.

    If you (or anyone else) would like to chat more, feel free to email me (leslie dot forman at gmail)

    Botswana sounds amazing and eye-opening. You must have so many stories from your time there :)

    All the best,
    Leslie
  • Hi Leslie! It's great to hear from you and thanks for sharing your personal story and experiences.

    I like that you highlight the relationship between everyone involved in the microfinance process. It does seem impossible to put a price on the lessons taught and learned for women worldwide through microfinance institutions or organizations such as AE.

    I appreciate having the Internet and technology to have access to charitable efforts worldwide. It can close the gap a little more and although we still may be desensitized it's good to have access to help!
  • Grace, thank you so much for your wonderful and insightful post! One more thing I want to emphasize is something you touched upon - that it not only helps the borrower but really impacts future generations. What I have heard is that microfinance doesn't always pull people out of poverty or significantly improve their living standards (although it often does as well), but by allowing poor women to send their kids to school, that's where it REALLY makes a difference for future generations. I heard several stories about the kids growing up to have an education and thus obtain a better job, whereas without the loan they might not have gotten education in the first place.

    Another criticism I've heard of microfinance is, like I said, that it doesn't always really pull people out of poverty. Oftentimes people keep borrowing and they don't significantly grow their business past a certain point. I also heard stories of many NGOs beginning to charge higher interest rates as well, defeating the entire purpose of microfinance. I think these issues really have to be looked at more closely before we can shout about the benefits of microfinance.
  • Akhila all those problems you speak of, are real. I don't expect microfinance to pull people out of poverty and as we both agree, it's not the only answer. It's really multifaceted.

    The integrated and holistic model is really powerful. Hearing stories from women who got a loan, started their own business, sent their children to school, actually had food to put on the table and then basically get an education on how to run a business from the organization is really powerful to me. Although it doesn't always work in perfect order, it gives a chance. We can't hand hold all the time. So if a woman wants a loan and she is "taught to fish," but at first she fails, she can try again. I really think it's better than having nothing and the learning curve can be really powerful.

    Thanks for having me be part of this Akhila! It has been fun and I love the conversation.
  • I tell people I am training the "teach them to fish" analogy all the time. Colleagues, too. I think they know it's true, but they don't want to hear it. :)

    I agree very much with the idea of microfinance and the attitudes/behaviors/ideals it creates and teaches. However I don't know that it should only be applied everywhere but here. As a young woman involved with Ladies Who Launch you are more than familiar with the struggles women have with conventional banking/businesses. In Maine more small businesses are owned by women than men, yet there is also a higher failure rate due to economic constraints among women.
  • Elisa, very true. I also believe in fixing/aiding problems on our own turf instead of just going around the world to provide aid. Sometimes the problems are right in front of our face. You bring up a great point and I definitely should have touched on helping women entrepreneurs within the US, especially because I'm surrounded by them so often!
  • Great point Elisa -- it can be applied even in the U.S. Grameen USA is doing just that. I think the only problem with that, though, is obviously that starting a small business in the US costs a lot more so the loans have to be a bit bigger, about 1000 - 2000 dollars, in order to be effective. Moreover comparatively the level of poverty in developing countries is much higher (at least of people living on $1 per day) so arguably microfinance could have more impact there in terms of pulling people out of poverty.
  • Interesting write up! This trend is what Yanus called the Feminization of Povert i.e. when measured in terms of well being and economic/social wealth, women are found to be more impoverished than men.

    While micro-finance is good, the social/economic/political structures that created poverty in the first place needs to be changed. There is only so much financial help can go in reducing poverty. Ultimately, what is important is firstly, the realization/acknowlegdement of women and the important roles they play in any given society. Secondly, the implementation of policies that aid in the creation of a better society for women. The aim of micro finance, I believe, is to help the poor (esp women) to exit poverty but not trap them in the cycle of continual borrowing. If pro-women policies are not implemented in a given society, women (and the poor) would be trapped in the cycle of borrowing, thus negating the whole aim of micro-finance. The bottom line is this: MF should be supported with policies that encourage and empower women cos that is the only way the chain of continuous borrowing & feminization of poverty can be broken.
  • Amaka, thank you so much for your eloquent answer. I agree with your thoughts and you bring up very important points. Monetary gain is not the only answer for changing the face of poverty.

    Let me preface by saying my mother is a Transformational Life Coach, focusing mostly on women's issues and helping them break free of their self defeating beliefs. She has helped many women, largely below (and even above) the poverty level for over 20 years in helping them find their place, understand their worth and helping them find the happiness to be 'free.' I've learned a great deal from her and her work worldwide with women, so this is where my inspiration largely comes from.

    Pro Mujer (the microfinance non profit I'm familiar with) has an integrated model providing health care support and business training to empower women within their society. I believe this integrated model of combining capital through loans, health and the business skills/tools to move forward in their current place can help.

    As to your second point, the borrowing leads to expanding their business and eventually help women create an income. At that point, many women can then support themselves once the loans mature. This is what startups do worldwide to grow. I also know that women want these loans not only for themselves, but to give their family a kind of life they didn't have. I don't see the loan as a continual slippery slope or cycle, because if the proper training is offered and the loan matures women can and will support themselves as a real entrepreneur and caregiver in this world.

    Alas, usually there isn't just one answer. I think microfinance and empowering women to be the change they wish to see is a piece of the answer...
  • Grace,

    I like how you incorporated stories you heard from your mother working as a life coach. Thanks for sharing such a valuable perspective.

    There will never be one formula that solves all the world's problems. As much as I think looking at the whole system and understanding relationships are important, taking things apart and finding the "right" solution tailored to the little pieces are just as important.
  • This is a great conversation, and thanks so much both of you for bringing up some really important points! I really agree that there has to be a more holistic support system for women that ranges beyond just microfinance. As I've also said before microfinance isn't the panacea - it's part of an integrated approach to attacking poverty and empowering women. Like Grace says it's definitely a part of the answer.
  • Grace,

    Nice post! I think you make a great case for extending loans to poor women. However, after reading your piece, I'm left wondering: what can we do? There are many organizations doing great work in microfinance, so we should scale-up their operations to provide more money to an increased number of women? Beyond additional capital, what do you think would make microfinance have an even greater impact worldwide?
  • Penelope, thanks for reaching out. The Niapele Project looks amazing. I would love to hear more about it.

    I too, feel the same way about what can we do? Although I don't consider myself an expert on the topic, I do know that because these loans are often small, the disbursement of the loan and the process of disbursement and repayment is expensive and labor intensive.

    Economies of scale by replicating the process on a big level is also a big picture view I have for microfinance (e.g. would help decrease interest rates on repayment, etc.)

    However, you could donate on a personal and individual level by supporting organizations to help operate. I know these non profits always need loans, donors and capital to continue their charitable work.
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