Should non-profits plan to go out of business?

In a recent post, Allison Jones wrote about whether non-profits that want to achieve their missions most effectively should have the aim to eventually close shop.

I don’t think that’s such a great idea.

(Well, in most cases.)

But here’s why: it takes a lot of work to start a new non-profit. Starting a non-profit means starting from scratch. It means having to register the non-profit with the government, developing a website, creating a communications plan, reaching out to donors and funders where no previous relationships exist, starting programs from the ground up, hiring your first staff members. It takes years to get most non-profits to the point where they are well established and ready to roll. It takes a long time for a non-profit to get to a point where they have a sustainable stream of funding, a stable staff, and can finally focus on their programs without worrying that everything’s going to fall apart. It takes a while for a non-profit to begin conducting monitoring & evaluation to see if, indeed, the problem they are attacking is being solved. It’s not easy to get a non-profit to the point where it is effective.

That’s why I don’t think it makes sense for a non-profit to close doors, once all the groundwork has been laid for it to achieve success.

Instead, isn’t it better for a non-profit to start out with a relatively broad mission, and then set a short timeframe within which they must achieve certain goals? Then, to actually achieve their goals in time, and shift their goals (that still fit into their broader mission & vision) to tackle new social problems or goals?

Doesn’t it make more sense for a non-profit that has managed to do the above, to use their successes to woo donors? A non-profit that is so successful in achieving social change is likely to garner lots of funding through effective marketing of their tangible outcomes. This money can and should be directed towards achieving the non-profit’s subsequent challenge, surmounting the next mountain. This is not a time for a non-profit to shut down – but a time for it to capitalize on its successes! Funding is hard to come by in these economic times. A non-profit that shuts down at its pinnacle of achievement, seems to me to be making a big mistake.

The exception, I think, is this: if a non-profit’s mission is very narrow, and once the organization has achieved its mission and goals, it would be a huge, unjustifiable cost & use of resources for the non-profit to try to shift its mission or create new goals. If it imposes an undue burden on the non-profit to have to shift its mission and vision, by all means, the organization might be better off shutting down. But, I don’t believe this is the case for most non-profits. And, this situation can also be combated by starting off with a broader mission encapsulated in more specific, achievable goals.

I believe we need more effective, efficient and results-oriented non-profits in this world. If a non-profit is so effective and successful that it’s able to achieve all the goals it’s set out in a matter of years, by all means, I’d donate to keep that organization alive! I wouldn’t want to see such a great organization die – I’d simply hope that they would begin dedicating their resources and effective methods to another cause, to solving another problem.

There is no shortage of social ills in this world. There is a shortage of truly effective non-profits solving these problems. So I say, we should work to ensure the most effective non-profits are staying IN business.

What are your thoughts?

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  • http://twitter.com/ajlovesya Allison Jones

    Great piece and you really gave me some food for thought. Given how hard it is to become successful why should a nonprofit stop working once it has reached that point?

    I absolutely agree that we should support highly effective and efficient organizations. I think where you and I may disagree is the motive behind growth and shifting focus. There is a huge difference between planning to solve an issue versus planning to exist forever. Nonprofits can desire to become big for the sake of being big and NOT for the sake of solving problems. And while there are organizations that I imagine will exist because they serve an ongoing need (disaster reflief orgs, hospitals and schools come to mind), shifting focus can be just as burdensome as launching a nonprofit, is not always done well, and as a result overlap/duplicity run rampant in this sector.

    At the same time, what I think this issue highlights though is the sheer diversity/complexity of the nonprofit sector and the issues we address. As I mentioned in my original post do issues get solved or do they take different forms? Should goals be narrower to ensure that mission is fulfilled or broader to ensure flexibility? Does setting an end date encourage focus and more deliberate action or stifle support building? Can success solely be attributed to the nonprofit in the first place or to external factors like changes in the economy?

    • http://akhilak.com/blog Akhila

      Thank you Allison, for making me think and ponder this issue. It’s an important one and I’m thankful you brought it up on your blog and added your valuable perspective.

      It’s true that there are some organizations that might have as much to lose from shifting focus than from closing down. I wonder though, if they have defined their “mission” very narrowly in the first place?

      I think we also come from different perspectives, from the organizations we’ve worked with. I have worked with mostly non-profits that have broader missions and are working hard to achieve them – but find that their problems simply are not getting solved. I have worked with non-profits also that do shift their aim but in doing so, do not impose an undue burden on themselves.

      A lot of perspective comes with the type of personal experience you have, I believe. It’s hard to generalize and a lot of the questions you bring up are really important to ask, but do not have easy answers. As for one, I do lean towards thinking that a non-profit should define the mission more “broadly” so as to allow room for flexibility, while also focusing in on narrower sets of goals that can be achieved in a short period of time. But of course we can’t assume all organizations can function this way. There are cases where it’s probably better to focus in on narrower goals.

      Another thing you mention is that, it’s simply difficult to accurately measure whether we have actually SOLVED a problem. For this, we will also have to ensure that monitoring and evaluation is done effectively, and takes into account – as you say – external factors as well.

      As you can see from this comment this issue is a complex one, but one well worth pondering. Thanks again for the food for thought Allison!

  • http://www.leslieforman.com Leslie Forman

    Akhila, this is a fascinating question!

    I think it depends a bit on whether the issue can really be eradicated over the lifetime of the organization. For example, when I worked in San Francisco, one of my clients was an organization that serves mentally handicapped adults. They offer all sorts of education, social, and job placement programs, which help so many people. These are long-term programs to treat life-long conditions, and it would be tough to say “mission accomplished!”

    You might be interested in reading about how Unitus has changed its focus. Its mission was once to accelerate the commercialization of microfinance, and this year it stopped those projects and moved into other areas. Now commercial capital is widely available in the international microfinance community, and Unitus contends that its capital and cash can be better put to use in other areas. I linked to Unitus’ detailed update here: http://www.mykro.org/update-from-unitus/2010/12/

    Happy Holidays to you!
    Leslie

    • http://akhilak.com/blog Akhila

      Thanks for your thoughts Leslie – and I think your assessment is spot on. It does depend because for a lot of organizations, their mission/goals is not one where they can actually “finish” or “accomplish” the mission. Your example of Unitus is great and I think it also shows that it *can* be possible for a non-profit to shift its mission without losing its effectiveness or having to completely shut down. Great example. Thanks!

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  • http://johnrougeux.com John Rougeux

    Really appreciate this perspective; I have blogged about this myself, and am probably guilty of making a blanket generalization as well. But I’ve found that some organizations tend to be focused on the mechanism through which they address a solution, and not on the solution itself. Regardless of the issue at hand, non-profits needs to be able to adapt the tools they use to address an issue systemically; taking on a “if a hammer isn’t getting the job done, perhaps it’s time for a screwdriver” mentality. However, it’s not too hard to find organizations that just try harder at the same thing (obtaining more hammers or swinging them harder).

    If there is to be a solution, I strongly believe that it involved collaboration across multiple organizations addressing the same problem. Only by sharing results and best practices and by being open to new ideas can a non-profit (or any business) be truly effective in the long run.

    • http://akhilak.com/blog Akhila

      Very good point. Collaboration is SO important and most organizations simply do not collaborate enough. Instead there is often some sort of competition between nonprofits who want to become the best/biggest or get the most funding… and this is just not the best way to approach social change at all.

      True, more and more I’m realizing we can’t generalize about this sector though we may want to. Some organizations are focused on a specific goal while others have very ‘broad’ missions which can then be manifested in specific yearly achievements. We can’t say closing shop is never or always good.

  • http://scantron.tumblr.com scantron

    When I first read the title, I thought I was going to be discouraged to continue establishing my own nonprofit, but this has reassured me that I’m on the right path! :)